Essay/Term paper: The adventures of huckleberry finn

Essay, term paper, research paper:  Huckleberry Finn

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, is a novel about a

young boy's coming of age in the Missouri of the mid-1800's. The main

character, Huckleberry Finn, spends much time in the novel floating

down the Mississippi River on a raft with a runaway slave named Jim.

Before he does so, however, Huck spends some time in the fictional town

of St. Petersburg where a number of people attempt to influence him.

Before the novel begins, Huck Finn has led a life of absolute

freedom. His drunken and often missing father has never paid much

attention to him; his mother is dead and so, when the novel begins, Huck

is not used to following any rules. The book's opening finds Huck living

with the Widow Douglas and her sister, Miss Watson. Both women are

fairly old and are really somewhat incapable of raising a rebellious boy

like Huck Finn. Nevertheless, they attempt to make Huck into what they

believe will be a better boy. Specifically, they attempt, as Huck says, to

"civilize" him. This process includes making Huck go to school, teaching

him various religious facts, and making him act in a way that the women

find socially acceptable. Huck, who has never had to follow many rules in

his life, finds the demands the women place upon him constraining and

the life with them lonely. As a result, soon after he first moves in with

them, he runs away. He soon comes back, but, even though he becomes

somewhat comfortable with his new life as the months go by, Huck never

really enjoys the life of manners, religion, and education that the Widow

and her sister impose upon him.

Huck believes he will find some freedom with Tom Sawyer. Tom is

a boy of Huck's age who promises Huck and other boys of the town a life

of adventure. Huck is eager to join Tom Sawyer's Gang because he feels

that doing so will allow him to escape the somewhat boring life he leads

with the Widow Douglas. Unfortunately, such an escape does not occur.

Tom Sawyer promises much-robbing stages, murdering and ransoming

people, kidnapping beautiful women-but none of this comes to pass. Huck

finds out too late that Tom's adventures are imaginary: that raiding a

caravan of "A-rabs" really means terrorizing young children on a Sunday

school picnic, that stolen "joolry" is nothing more than turnips or rocks.

Huck is disappointed that the adventures Tom promises are not real and

so, along with the other members, he resigns from the gang.

Another person who tries to get Huckleberry Finn to change is

Pap, Huck's father. Pap is one of the most astonishing figures in all of

American literature as he is completely antisocial and wishes to undo all

of the civilizing effects that the Widow and Miss Watson have attempted

to instill in Huck. Pap is a mess: he is unshaven; his hair is uncut and

hangs like vines in front of his face; his skin, Huck says, is white like a

fish's belly or like a tree toad's. Pap's savage appearance reflects his

feelings as he demands that Huck quit school, stop reading, and avoid

church. Huck is able to stay away from Pap for a while, but Pap kidnaps

Huck three or four months after Huck starts to live with the Widow and

takes him to a lonely cabin deep in the Missouri woods. Here, Huck

enjoys, once again, the freedom that he had prior to the beginning of the

book. He can smoke, "laze around," swear, and, in general, do what he

wants to do. However, as he did with the Widow and with Tom, Huck

begins to become dissatisfied with this life. Pap is "too handy with the

hickory" and Huck soon realizes that he will have to escape from the

cabin if he wishes to remain alive. As a result of his concern, Huck makes

it appear as if he is killed in the cabin while Pap is away, and leaves to go

to a remote island in the Mississippi River, Jackson's Island.

It is after he leaves his father's cabin that Huck joins yet another

important influence in his life: Miss Watson's slave, Jim. Prior to Huck's

leaving, Jim has been a minor character in the novel-he has been shown

being fooled by Tom Sawyer and telling Huck's fortune. Huck finds Jim

on Jackson's Island because the slave has run away-he has overheard a

conversation that he will soon be sold to New Orleans. Soon after joining

Jim on Jackson's Island, Huck begins to realize that Jim has more

talents and intelligence than Huck has been aware of. Jim knows "all

kinds of signs" about the future, people's personalities, and weather

forecasting. Huck finds this kind of information necessary as he and Jim

drift down the Mississippi on a raft. As important, Huck feels a comfort

with Jim that he has not felt with the other major characters in the novel.

With Jim, Huck can enjoy the best aspects of his earlier influences. As

does the Widow, Jim allows Huck security, but Jim is not as confining as

is the Widow. Like Tom Sawyer, Jim is intelligent but his intelligence is

not as intimidating or as imaginary as is Tom's. As does Pap, Jim allows

Huck freedom, but he does it in a loving, rather than an uncaring,

fashion. Thus, early, in their relationship on Jackson's Island, Huck says

to Jim, "This is nice. I wouldn't want to be nowhere else but here." This

feeling is in marked contrast with Huck's feelings concerning other

people in the early part of the novel where he always is uncomfortable

and wishes to leave them.

At the conclusion of chapter 11 in The Adventures of Huckleberry

Finn, Huck and Jim are forced to leave Jackson's Island because Huck

discovers that people are looking for the runaway slave. Prior to leaving,

Huck tells Jim, "They're after us." Clearly, the people are after Jim, but

Huck has already identified with Jim and has begun to care for him. This

stated empathy shows that the two outcasts will have a successful and

rewarding friendship as they drift down the river as the novel continues.